Microbial genomics is the study of genetic material contained in microbes. Analysis of the whole microbial genome facilitates insight into the evolution, relationship and function of different microbial species or strains based on evaluation beyond single protein or gene phylogenies. The study of the flow of biological information from genes to proteins to phenotype of microbes using computational and biological methods helps in advancing fundamental knowledge on microbes. This includes investigations into questions related to emerging infectious diseases that underlie transmissibility, infectivity, and disease outcome of pathogens of interest to humans, animals and plants.

Microbial genomics research includes bioinformatics (methods and software tools for understanding biological data, particularly data sets that are large and complex) and computational biology (development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modelling, and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, ecological, behavioral, and social systems).